What Earth Observation Can Do for Ecosystems and Biodiversity

Earth observation (EO) is becoming an indispensable tool for understanding, monitoring and protecting the natural world. Satellite data can map and monitor habitats and ecosystems at unprecedented scale, track land cover and vegetation change, assess the extent and condition of forests, wetlands, peatlands and coastal ecosystems, detect the spread of invasive species, and monitor biodiversity-relevant indicators such as canopy structure, phenology and surface water dynamics. By providing consistent, repeatable and spatially explicit information across landscapes that are often vast or difficult to access, EO enables more robust biodiversity assessments, supports the design and evaluation of conservation measures, and strengthens reporting under international frameworks such as the EU Biodiversity Strategy, the Habitats and Birds Directives, and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

ESA's Role in Ecosystems and Biodiversity

ESA contributes to global biodiversity monitoring and ecosystem science through a rich portfolio of satellite missions and dedicated research programmes. Through the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) and thematic programmes linking space data to conservation science, ESA collaborates with environmental agencies, research institutions and international bodies to develop operational EO products for habitat mapping, ecosystem condition assessment and biodiversity monitoring. These efforts directly support the scientific and policy communities working to halt biodiversity loss and restore degraded ecosystems in line with European and global commitments.

How the Stakeholder Engagement Facility Supports Ecosystems and Biodiversity Users

The ESA Stakeholder Engagement Facility (SEF) works with a diverse community of ecosystems and biodiversity stakeholders — including nature conservation agencies, protected area managers, environmental NGOs, research institutions and policy bodies — to promote the uptake of Earth observation in conservation and biodiversity monitoring workflows. SEF uses tools such as the Geospatial Explorer to demonstrate how satellite data can support habitat mapping, species distribution monitoring and nature-based solutions assessment.

Capacity-building is central to SEF's approach in this thematic area. SEF has delivered dedicated training and awareness initiatives including a webinar series on EO Supporting Nature Conservation and a focused programme on Earth Observation Training for Conservation and Biodiversity, equipping conservation practitioners with the knowledge and skills needed to access and apply satellite data in their day-to-day work. These initiatives are designed to be accessible to organisations at all levels of EO maturity, from those exploring satellite data for the first time to those seeking to deepen their technical capabilities.

SEF is also an active participant in the ecosystems and biodiversity community, engaging with leading sector events and networks. These include the EUROPARC Conference 2025, which brings together protected area managers and conservation professionals from across Europe; the 6th Natura 2000 Monitoring Workshop on Habitats and Species Monitoring and New Technologies, a key forum for exchanging experience on how innovative tools including EO can strengthen Natura 2000 reporting obligations; and BIOSPACE 25, a dedicated event at the intersection of space data and biodiversity science. Beyond events, SEF maintains a close and ongoing collaboration with Eurosite, the European network of nature conservation practitioners, reinforcing SEF's commitment to embedding EO knowledge directly within the conservation community and ensuring that space-based tools are understood and valued by those managing Europe's most precious natural areas.