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Carbon Stock Assessment

Monitoring and verifying carbon stocks in forests and soils is crucial for meeting climate targets and implementing effective land management strategies. However, traditional field-based methods are time-consuming, expensive, and limited in scale, making it challenging to assess carbon changes across large areas.

Earth Observation (EO) solutions provide a scalable, cost-effective way to monitor carbon stocks across vast areas. By integrating satellite data, in-situ measurements, and advanced modelling, EO tools enable large-scale carbon monitoring with reasonable accuracy, offering actionable insights for environmental and climate decision-makers.

Earth Observation data can be derived with regards to a large number of different parameters, both at global or continental scale, but also local (10-20m resolution) as shown in the feature image (Source: ESA).

Forest Carbon Monitoring

The Forest Carbon Monitoring project demonstrates how EO data from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellites are used to estimate forest structure, above- and below-ground biomass, and carbon fluxes. Tools like U-Net deep learning models improve accuracy, while regional demonstrations in Europe highlight the applicability of these methods for large-scale forest monitoring.

The image is captured in the Forest Carbon Monitoring project, which shows the Above ground biomass in Madre de Dios, Peru.

Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) Monitoring

The WorldSoils project leverages Sentinel-2 imagery and in-situ data to predict SOC content across Europe. By focusing on the topsoil layer, this project provides detailed regional maps at 50m resolution and European-wide maps at 100m resolution, helping users assess soil health and carbon sequestration potential.

The image is the zoom of the uncertainty intervals of the predicted SOC content in the North of Wallonia, Belgium. Source: WorldSoils project.

Further resources

Related ESA-funded projects

Relevant materials

  • Forest Carbon Platform: here
  • WorldSoils Project Paper in Geoderma: here
  • Webinar: Carbon Stock Assessment
    • Rewatch the recording of the webinar: here
    • The presentation slides can be found: here

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